Targeting Diabetes and Novel Therapeutics

Biography

Biography: Lakshmi Kant Shankhdhar

Abstract

Ninety percent amputations are preceded by an ulcer and most are preventable. Increased plantar foot pressure is the leading cause of plantar ulceration in the diabetic population. While one is standing, both feet bear 50% of body weight but during walking, there are times when one foot bears even 1.5 times of body weight which is further increased if deformity were present. Small muscle atrophy, with consequent muscle weakness and deformity, occurs in the diabetic foot before clinical peripheral neuropathy is detected. This muscle atrophy may lead to increased plantar foot pressure even in the “low-risk,” sensate diabetic feet. Many factors such as deformity, partial amputation, limited Joint mobility (LJM), calluses, corns, wrong footwear and a foreign body in the foot wear may be responsible for raised plantar pressure and plantar ulceration. Healing of these ulcers requires proper dressing of the ulcer(s), observing universal principles of hygiene, restoration of adequate vascularity, control of infection, good metabolic control including glycemia and lipids, cessation of smoking, weight reduction and offloading of the ulcerated area but offloading remains the most important of all. Many methods of offloading are available currently but Total Contact Casting (TCC) is known to be the gold standard of offloading but is used only in 1.7% clinics in US owing to its cost, needing specially trained personnel to apply and remove and consuming too much of time in its application and removal. Removable Cast Walkers (RCWs) are the measure of choice since they cost lesser than TCC, can be applied and removed by anyone and offer comparable offloading and hence ulcer healing. Other options such as Custom Foot wear, half shoes, ankle arthroses and Internal Offloading measures such as metatarsal head resection are sparingly used even in developed countries. In developing countries most of the offloading methods are either unaffordable or unavailable, with the result that offloading is neglected by most physicians. The team of physicians at LK Diabetes Centre, Lucknow, India, have researched and developed an altogether new offloading device, called the “Samadhan System of Offloading,” which is very affordable, costing lesser than 1 USD, simple, needing no special training for its application and removal, least time consuming, having both removable (SS-R) and irremovable versions (SS-IR) and efficacious too. The Samadhan System comprises of a rubberized foam cylinder, the “Samadhan Unit,” to be placed on plantar surface to offload body weight, a piece of an elastocreppe bandage, the “retainer” to retain the Samadhan Unit in position and a fastening device, the “fasteners” to retain the edge of the retainer. In one of the oral abstracts, presented in American Diabetes Association, 2005 (OR 199), the Removable version of Samadhan System (SS-R) revealed much better healing rates of Wagner grade 1 diabetic foot wounds, compared to common footwear 73.3% vs 13.3% with much lesser healing time (42 vs 60 days).