Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes Mellitus and  (T2DM ) and  coronary artery disease (CAD )  are two major lifestyle disorders in the world and share several common risk factors, mainly genetic and environmental. The single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNPs ) of the PPARγ (Pro12Ala ), ENPPI (K121Q) and CAPN-10 (SNP-63), respectively have been identified as the key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. These polymorphisms control the protein synthesis in multiple metabolic, biochemical and molecular pathways.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the ppprγ, ENPPI and CAPN-10 genes polymorphisms as genetic risk factors for T2DM and CAD in Malaysian population.

Results: A total of 360 subjects between the ages of 35 and 85 years were recruited in this study. Out of the 360 subjects, 120 were T2DM patients, recruited from the outpatient clinic at UMMC, 120 were T2DM patients with CAD were recruited from the cardiac clinic at UMMC, and the other 120 were healthy hospital staff. DNA from the blood samples were extracted using QIAamp DNA mini kits. SNP of PPARγ, ENPPI, and CAPN-10, were determined by polymerase chain reaction  (PCR )  and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP ).

The analysis showed that the Pro allele PPARγ ( Pro12Ala ) is a risk factor for T2DM ( OR:2.11, 95% CI: 1.10-4.04, p= 0.020) and T2DM+CAD ( OR:3.56, 95% CI: 1.74-7.29,P=0.001 ) among the Chinese, but not among the Malays and Indians. The K  allele of ENPPI  ( K121Q)  and C allele of CAPN-10 (SNP-63 )  do not increase the risk of  T2DM or T2DM+CAD  in all the ethnic groups

Conclusion: We conclude that, SNP of  PPARγ (Pro12Ala ) gene could be a genetic risk factor for  T2DM and CAD in the chinese population, but not in the Malay and Indian population.

Biography:

Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju is a Professor of Biomedical Sciences and Group Leader (Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Research Unit) at the Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, South Africa. He lectures, supervises post-graduate students and collaborates with national and international scientists. Over the years, he was involved in the field of HIV/AIDS and related-public health issues but recently on natural products and health (Phyto-medicine). He is a member of Editorial Board of various scientific journals and reviews manuscripts for over 30 international scientific journals. In 2015, he received “Award for Excellence” in recognition of his contribution to biomedical research. He is a National Research Foundation-South Africa (NRF) C-rated Researcher and completed his Master’s in Biochemistry at University of Ibadan, Nigeria and a Doctoral degree in Biomedical Science at Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa. He completed his Post-doctoral Research Fellowship at Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa. He is a Chartered Scientist (CSci, UK) and Fellow of the Institute of Biomedical Science (FIBMS), London. He is also a Fellow of the Australasian College of Biomedical Scientists (FACBS) and registered with the South African Council for Scientific Professions as a Professional Natural Scientist.

Abstract:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of disorders of multiple aetiologies resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both and insulin deficiency, in turn leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of biomolecules. Moringa oleifera (MO) has been in use in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin and treated with methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (250 mg/kg b.wt) orally for six weeks. 48 male Wistar strain rats were divided into four groups. Normal control (NC), Moringa oleifera treated control rats (MO), diabetic rats (DM) and Moringa oleifera treated diabetic rats (DM+MO). MO methanolic extract showed a significant effect on antioxidant capacity: Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and high concentration of flavonoids, flavanol and total polyphenol content. There was increase in kidney weight, plasma glucose levels, renal enzymes AST, ALT and ALP activities as well as lipid peroxidation (MDA) level in diabetic groups when compared with normal control. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) concentration were also analyzed in the kidney. Administration of MO led to a decrease in the serum ALP, AST and ALT activities, MDA, CAT, SOD, GSH, GPX, TNF-α and IL-6. Moringa oleifera offered a protective effect on diabetic induced nephrotoxicity and induced diabetic oxidative stress.

Biography:

Widyawati T is a Lecturer at Medical Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara since 2003. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD at Pharmaceutical Sciences University Sains Malaysia and has submitted her final thesis.

Abstract:

Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus is one of the plants commonly used in Indonesian community for the treatment of different diseases. The anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by determining whether the extracts lowered the blood glucose level BGL0 of normal rats (hypoglycemic test) or lowered BGL of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (SDR). Dried powdered L. inermis leaves were extracted serially with n-hexane (HE), ethylacetate (EAE), ethanol (EE), water1(WE1) and water2 (WE2). Hypoglycemic in normal rats showed only HE significantly reduce fasting BGL at 3 h observation. However, in antihyperglycemic test in SDR, single-dose administration of the extracts showed that only EAE reduced BGL signficantly at 3 h observation. The present work conclude that EAE is the most active extract as antihyperglycemic.

Biography:

Vir Vikram is an Assistant Manager in Dayanand Medical College & Hospital (Punjab). He has 13 years of teaching (undergraduate students) and research experience in various reputed companies. Previously, he served as an Assistant Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pharmacy (DPharmacy) at ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab. He is working on Diabetic Nephropathy and got two national awards for his research work. He got first prize for poster presentation at national conference on Innovations in Drug Discovery and Research organized by Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjab University, Patiala and first prize for poster presentation at AICTE sponsored national seminar on Emerging Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi). He also got appreciation award in AICTE sponsored national seminar on “Rational Use and Clinical Trail of Drugs”. He is a Life Member of Indian Pharmacy Graduates Association (LM-4137).

Abstract:

Diabetes-related complications represent one of the most important health problems worldwide with dire projections. The aim of present study was directed to assess the possible beneficial effect, if any, of Momordica charantia, Emblica officinalis, Tribulus terrestris and Trigonella foenum graecium extracts alone and in combination against STZ induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i. p). Diabetic nephropathy was developed eight weeks after STZ administration. The herbal extracts of Momordica charantia (100 & 250 mg/kg), Emblica officinalis (100 & 250 mg/kg), Tribulus terrestris (100 & 250 mg/kg) and Trigonella foenum graecum (100 & 250 mg/kg) were administered orally. Diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring kidney weight/body weight ratio, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin and oxidative stress (LPO, GSH and nitrite). STZ administration significantly altered kidney weight/body weight ratio, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin and oxidative stress after eight weeks. Treatment with herbal extracts of Momordica charantia (100 & 250 mg/kg), Emblica officinalis (100 & 250 mg/kg), Tribulus terrestris (100 & 250 mg/kg) and Trigonella foenum graecum (100 & 250 mg/kg) alone and in combination significantly prevented the development of diabetic nephropathy. The present study highlights the significant role of herbal extracts in ameliorating the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, it can be concluded that Momordica charantia, Emblica officinalis, Tribulus terrestris and Trigonella foenum graecum can be used as adjuvant or prophylactic therapy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Biography:

Lakshmi Kant Shankhdhar is a Principal of a Medical College of Diabetology besides working as Medical Director and Endocrinologist in his own clinic, L K Diabetes Centre. He is triply Post-graduate in Medicine (MD), Nutrition (PGDND) and Radiology (DMRE). He is also heading an exclusive private Diabetes Clinic in Lucknow, India. He has received Visiting Fellowship of Harvard Medical International, International Arm of Harvard Medical School (Boston), as Life Time Achievement Award. Currently, he is a Reviewer of two most prestigious journals of Diabetes, namely Diabetes Care and Diabetes. He has presented several abstracts and faculty orations in many international conferences on Diabetes and Podiatry. He has published articles and care reports in some indexed international journals.

Abstract:

90% amputations are preceded by an ulcer which is mostly preventable. Increased plantar foot pressure is the leading cause of plantar ulceration in the diabetic population. Many factors such as deformity, partial amputation, limited joint mobility (LJM), calluses, corns, wrong footwear and a foreign body in the foot wear may be responsible for raised plantar pressure and plantar ulceration; hence offloading should have pivotal role in ulcer management. Many methods of offloading are available currently but Total Contact Casting (TCC) is known to be the gold standard of offloading but is used only in 1.7% clinics in US owing to its cost, needing specially trained personnel to apply and remove and consuming too much of time in its application and removal. Removable Cast Walkers (RCWs) are the measure of choice since they cost lesser than TCC, can be applied and removed by anyone and offer comparable offloading and hence ulcer healing. Other options such as custom foot wear, half shoes, ankle arthroses and internal offloading measures such as metatarsal head resection are sparingly used even in developed countries. Most of the methods need time, money and man power which is not affordable or available everywhere. The team of physicians at LK Diabetes Centre, Lucknow, India, have researched and developed an altogether new offloading device, called the “samadhan system of offloading” which is very affordable, costing lesser than 1 USD, simple, needing no special training for its application and removal, least time consuming and can be instantly installed. It has both removable (SS-R) and irremovable versions (SS-IR). The samadhan system comprises of a rubberized foam cylinder, the “samadhan unit” to be placed on plantar surface to offload body weight, a piece of an elastocrepe bandage, the “retainer” to retain the samadhan unit in position and a fastening device, the “fasteners” to retain the edge of the retainer. In one of the oral abstracts, presented in American Diabetes Association, 2005 (OR 199), the removable version of samadhan system (SS-R) revealed much better healing rates of Wagner grade one diabetic foot wounds compared to common footwear 73.3% vs. 13.3% with much lesser healing time (42 vs. 60 days).

Biography:

Amal M Khan has completed her Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) at College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, KSA. She is a Medical intern. She was a Speaker in two conferences and has published one research and one case report in AACE. She has attended a lot of conferences and workshops in Endocrinology and Medical field.

Abstract:

Objective: Type I diabetes (T1DM) is the most common type of diabetes during childhood. Insulin therapy is the mainstay of T1DM treatment and Glargine is long-acting insulin that is most commonly prescribed as a basal insulin therapy. Although Glargine is typically administered once daily in the evening, alternative dosing frequencies and timings have been associated with promising results. Our aim is to optimize glycemic control in a complicated T1DM patient without increased risk of hypoglycemia. In addition to, decrease the number of insulin injections by using a new dosing frequency for Glargine.

Methods: A 23-year-old girl with a 16-year history of T1DM who was initially started on regular and NPH insulin; she had a poorly controlled HbA1c of 9.8% at that time. She was switched to glargine and glulisine and her HbA1c improved to 8.5% with frequent high blood-glucose readings at 12 pm. Her case was later complicated with gastroparesis and she was switched to an insulin pump. However, she suffered from two unexplained diabetic ketoacidosis episodes, so she opted to discontinue the pump therapy. Next, she was switched back to the glargine and glulisine but with the glargine insulin given as BID. Her HbA1c improved to 7.6% but with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia prior to the BID glargine scheduled doses. For the last four months, her glargine was dosed every 16 hours.

Results: After dosing insulin glargine every 16 hours her glycemic control dramatically improved. Her HbA1c improved to 5.5%, decreased hypoglycemic episodes and her gastroparesis symptoms improved.

Conclusion: Clinicians should individualize the care and consider different dosing and timing methods for glargine when managing complicated T1DM cases. An additional larger study is needed to evaluate T1DM patients with complicated cases to confirm our findings.

Biography:

Khoirul Rista Abidin has completed his bachelor degree at the age of 25 years from Universitas Tanjungpura. He continues his study to pursue master degree at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. 

Abstract:

Background: Indonesia, Pontianak in particular, has a significant amount of diabetic type II. Kitamura clinic has calculated 470 diabetics with complication of diabetic foot ulcers, mostly the patient got treatments for more than a month. Some overseas research found that the decrease of unsure calium, bacterial infection, and exudates increase would be the causative factors of the wounds resistance (Proliferation).

Propose: This research aims to investigate the factors which can inhibit proliferation on diabetic foots ulcer wound of diabetes mellitus typeII in Kitamura Clinic, Pontianak. 20 patients of Kitamura Clinic have participated as the subject of the research.

Method: The design of this research was quantitative and the study of cohort perspective has been used. Researcher used purposive sampling as the method of sampling.  Data analyzing has used distribution and linear regression.

Results: Based on data tabulation, there were 56% subjects’ wound lied on grade III, 44% on grade IV. The wound’s base had granulation 50% and slough 50%. Based Calium factor, the wound had 3,5 mEq was 19%, less than 3,5-5,0 mEq was75%, more than 5,0 mEq was 6%. Light Exudate percentage was38% moderate percentage was 62%. Then,it was identified there were 4% positive pseudomonas aeruginosa and 96% positive staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile the statistic result showed nosignificant relation between independent and dependent variable.

Conclusion : Mostly finding wounds were in grade and the base of wound had granulation and slough. Based on statistic test, relation between the amount of calium and proliferation diabetic foot ulcer wound were so far from significance. The exudates and the bacterial infection approximated significant number of proliferation.

Biography:

Adeleh Khodabakhshi received his PhD in Nutrition at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science in Iran. He was a faculty member at Jiroft University of Medical Science. He serves as an Editorial Board Member for Journal of Biology and today world. He has published some papers about obesity. One of them published in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 

Abstract:

Background: Obese infants are more susceptible to develop adulthood obesity and its related comorbidities. Previous studies have shown the presence of hormones and growth factors in maternal breast milk that may influence infant adiposity.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 mothers with overweight or obese infants and 40 age-matched mothers with normal-weight infant who were between 2 and 5 months of age were enrolled. Daily breast milk intake, the level of fat, protein, carbohydrate in breast milk and concentrations of ghrelin and adiponectin, leptin, epithelial growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in breast milk and maternal serum were measured.

Results: The mean breast milk concentration of ghrelin was higher in mothers with normal-weight infants, 137.50 pg/ml, than in mothers with obese infants, 132.00 pg/ml (P=0.001). This was also true regarding the concentration of EGF in mothers with (0.04ng/ml) and without (0.038ng/ml) normal-weight infants (P=0.01). No significant differences were observed in concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and IGF-1 between two groups (P>0.05). There was also a significant positive correlation between EGF and ghrelin in both groups. A negative correlation was shown between serum EGF and IGF1 in the group of mothers with obese infant; but this correlation in breast milk of mothers with normal infant was positive. A positive correlation was observed between IGF1 in breast milk and serum of mothers with normal infant. The content of macronutrient did not differ in two groups but daily breast milk consumption was higher in the obese infant.

Conclusions: This study revealed the correlations of the hormones and growth factors in breast milk and serum of mothers with obese and non-obese infants, suggesting a possible regulatory effect of these factors on weight in infants.

Biography:

Kalakotla Shanker completed MPharmacy from JNT University Hyderabad and is currently pursuing 3^rd year of full time PhD in JNT University Hyderabad, India. He has published more than 11 papers in international peer reviewed reputed journals.

Abstract:

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, carbohydrates, altered lipids and proteins metabolism. In recent research, biological methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in presence of medicinally active antidiabetic plants extensively used in treatmemt of diabetes and this intention made us to assess the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the fruit extract of Momordica charantia using 1 mM silver nitrate solution. The biologically synthesized silver nanomedicine (BSSNP) then subjected to various characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DLS, UV and FT-IR respectively. In current study, the silver nanoparticles tested for in-vitro anti hyperglycemic activity and possible toxic effects in healthy female albino mice was studied. The result obtained from histopathological sectioning was in agreement as there was no apparent damage to the heart, liver and pancreas observed in the treated groups when compared with the control group. BSSNP was successfully obtained from bioreduction of silver nitrate using Momordica charantia plant extract and have been appropriately characterized using different equipments. In current study, the silver nanoparticles were tested for in-vitro anti diabetic activity. PTP1B assay has been done to determine the initial antidiabetic activity of BSSNP. It may be concluded that the medicinal plants can be good source for synthesis of BSSNP. In-vivo parameters need to be carried out further.