Day 3 :
- Computational Biology of Diabetes
Recent Research and Advanced Technologies for Diabetes Care
Risk Factors and Related Diseases of Diabetes
Session Introduction
Kevin J. Pearson
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
Title: Is pregnancy the right time to intervene? Maternal exercise improves insulin sensitivity in rodent offspring
Time : 09:30-09:55
Biography:
Kevin J Pearson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Kentucky (UK). He earned his PhD in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine in 2005 at the University of Cincinnati. From 2005-2009, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute on Aging. He accepted an Assistant Professor position at UK in 2009, and was recently promoted to Associate Professor. The twenty-year goal of his laboratory is to improve normal physiology and prevent disease (obesity, diabetes, and cancer) in the next generation by using maternal exercise or nutraceuticals as pregnancy interventions.
Abstract:
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis suggest that stimuli received in the intrauterine environment can result in long-term changes in an organism that can predispose it to later life diseases. It is well known that drug abuse during pregnancy (for example tobacco and alcohol use) can negatively impact fetal development and result in physical and mental dysfunction in offspring that last a lifetime. Less studied is how physical activity can positively affect offspring health. This talk will briefly introduce the field of developmental programming before moving on to detailed findings from our laboratory on the benefits of maternal exercise during pregnancy on long-term offspring insulin sensitivity. While our studies have been completed in mice and rats, we are planning to extend our work to humans in the near future. Our findings highlight pregnancy as a sensitive period when positive lifestyle interventions could have significant and long-lasting beneficial effects on offspring metabolism and disease risk.
Changcheng Zhou
University of Kentucky, USA
Title: Targeting IKKβ signaling for treatment of Obesity and Diabetes
Time : 09:55-10:20
Biography:
Dr. Zhou received his Ph.D. in 2004 from the University of California, Irvine. He performed postdoctoral work at the University of Washington and the Rockefeller University. In 2010, Dr. Zhou joined the faculty of the University of Kentucky and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences. Dr. Zhou also holds an Adjunct Faculty position at the Rockefeller University. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals including Journal of Experimental Medicine and Journal of Clinical Investigation and has been serving as an editorial board member of several journals.
Abstract:
Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is a major contributor to insulin resistance and diabetes. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator of inflammation through activation of NF-κB, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic disorders. However, the role of IKKβ in adipose tissue development and metabolism remains elusive. We have recently revealed an important role of IKKβ in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development in response to high-fat feeding. Deficiency of IKKβ in adipocyte precursor cells diminished the ability of these cells to differentiate into adipocytes. By analyzing mice that selectively lack IKKβ in the white adipose lineage, we found that deficiency of IKKβ protected mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Moreover, IKKβ deficient mice had decreased plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ also efficiently inhibited both murine and human adipocyte differentiation. Further, chronic treatment of mice with a potent IKKβ inhibitor ameliorated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Our findings demonstrate a pivotal role of IKKβ in linking overnutrition to adipose tissue development and insulin resistance, and provide strong evidence for using appropriate IKKβ inhibitors in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Pedro Parra Caballero
Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Spain
Title: Evaluation of the impact of abdominal Obesity on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in adults with Down syndrome
Time : 10:20-10:45
Biography:
Dr. Parra Caballero is a part of the specific Unit for Adults with Down’s syndrome of our hospital, which provides specialized care for more than 350 individuals affected by the trisomy. He is also specialized in cardiovascular disease and sub clinical vascular damage disease evaluation.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES: To describe anthropometric differences in weight-related disorders between adults with Down syndrome (DS) and healthy controls, as well as their disparate impact on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: cross-sectional study of 49 consecutively selected, community-residing adults with DS and 49 healthy controls in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital; siblings of adults with DS were studied as controls in 42 cases. Epidemiological, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data were measured. RESULTS: Adults with DS had a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity than controls, along with a higher waist-to-height ratio (WHR), but total body fat percentage and lipidic profile were similar between groups. HOMA indexes were higher in adults with DS, and especially in those presenting abdominal obesity (HOMA-IR 3.48 vs. 1.41; HOMA-b 164.4 vs. 82.3; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Weight-related disorders were highly prevalent among adults with DS. Adults with DS and abdominal obesity showed the highest insulin resistance indexes, which were higher than those of adults with DS but no abdominal obesity and than those of controls with abdominal obesity. We found a significant relationship between abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in adults with DS, and a relatively low prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults with DS and abdominal obesity. Favorable leptin/adiponectin balance
Emmanuel Mukwevho
North West University, south Africa
Title: Novel hybrid compounds from thiosemicarbazone and triazole as anti-diabetic agents and their antioxidant potentials
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Emmanuel Mukwevho is a trained Biochemist, Molecular Biologist and Cell Biologist trained from University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is currently employed at the University of North West, South Africa where he teaches Biochemistry. His research is mainly on Diabetes and Obesity, where he focuses on Lipid metabolism and Glucose transport. As such mitochondrial oxidative genes are studied together with glucose transport related genes. The research focus is to find novel therapeutics that can better manage or treat these health conditions. Since antioxidants play crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of these diseases, we also focus on antioxidants properties both in plants and chemical compounds.
Abstract:
Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that threatens and reduces the quality of life. Eight hybrids (1a-h) of thiosemicarbozone and triazole were screened for their effects on genes related to type 2 diabetes as well as their antioxidant activity. Methods: The influence of the hybrids on glucose transport genes (Glut-4, Mef2a and Nrf-1) was carried out using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, antioxidant assays such as 1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were carried out using established techniques. From the results, all the hybrids showed antioxidant activities. Results: Hybrids 1b, 1d, 1e and 1g exhibited high expression of Glut4 gene relative to insulin and control. All the hybrids except 1h and 1f expressed the Nrf-1 while only 1h did not express Mef2a relative to control. Among all the compounds, Ib showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability and TEAC values. FRAP and ORAC of 1c and 1d respectively had the highest values. In all the antioxidant assays carried out, 1a was shown to have the lowest antioxidant activities. Conclusions: Hybrids 1d and 1g showed consistent pattern of glucose transport pathway gene transcription with all the hybrids showing antioxidant potentials though, at varying extents. These hybrids could be potential candidates eliciting anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects.
Nirmala Chauhan
Himachal Pradesh University, India
Title: Modification of dietary fiber psyllium for use in oral insulin delivery
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Nirmala Chauhan has completed her PhD in 2013 from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India. She is presently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Chemistry in Government Degree College Kullu (under Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-5), India. She has published 14 papers in reputed journals and has also presented more than 8 research papers in national symposia/conferences.
Abstract:
There is no doubt that fibers, in particular viscous dietary fibers, have positive effects on human health, both in the prevention and in treatment of chronic diseases. Psyllium, a medicinally important serum glucose reducing natural polysaccharide, if suitably tailored to prepare the hydrogels for controlled release of insulin; it can act as double potential candidate for cure of diabetes mellitus. Keeping in view the therapeutic importance of psyllium and its gel-forming nature, psyllium and acrylamide/methacrylamide based hydrogels have been prepared by using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker. The present article discusses the effect of pH on swelling kinetics of the hydrogels and release dynamics of insulin from drug-loaded hydrogels, for the evaluation of the swelling mechanism and drug release mechanism from the hydrogels. Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism has been observed for the release of insulin in the pH 7.4 buffer for which the rate of drug diffusion and rate of polymer chain relaxation are comparable. Therefore, drug release depends on two simultaneous rate processes, water migration into the device and drug diffusion through continuously swelling hydrogels. In each release medium, the earlier stage of the diffusion coefficient has been observed more than the late time diffusion coefficient.
Feriyde Calıskan Tur
Tepecik Training and Research Hospital,Turkey
Title: Weight loss therapy with acupuncture effecting HbA1c levels
Time : 11:55-12:20
Biography:
Dr. Feriyde Caliskan Tur was born in West Germany and graduated from Ondokuzmayıs University Faculty of Medicine/Turkey (1988). She received her specialty from Department of Emergency Medicine, Akdeniz University/Turkey (2003). In addition to emergency, she is interested in pain therapy, obesity and integrative medicine, and visited the school of Acupuncture Therapy Certificate Program in Yeditepe University Akupuncture Training Center, in Istanbul (2007-2008). In the same period she studied AUCH technique on hypnosis. Currently, Dr. Tur is managing her patients in emergency medicine, hypnose and acupuncture therapy clinics and provides a unique contribution to the literature on her expertises.
Abstract:
Therapeutic management of obesity includes exercise, a balanced diet, and healthy living habits. In addition, acupuncture can also be used as an adjunctive treatment for obesity. Acupuncture therapy in body weight reduction (BWR) in obese patients is approved. But there are more effects than BWR. This therapy is effecting glucose metabolism which is measurable with HbA1c levels before and after the acupuncture therapy for obesity, periodically. The novel study is reduction on HbA1c levels on patients coming for weight loss therapy in acupuncture clinic. Weight, BMI and HbA1c levels were measured both before and after the full course of acupuncture treatments for comparison. Comorbid conditions that influence the development of obesity such as diabetes, age and postmenopausal state were reviewed. Results confer reductions in weight, BMI and HbA1clevels after 20 sessions acupuncture therapy for obesity.
Laura Perez-Campos-Mayoral
University Autonoma Benito Juarez, Mexico
Title: Better detection of platelet aggregation in patients with metabolic syndrome using epinephrine and ADP
Biography:
Laura Perez-Campos-Mayoral is currently working at 1Centro de Investigacion UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma Benito Juarez de Oaxaca, Mexico. She has many reputed journals published in the renowned diabetes journals.
Abstract:
Background: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) often have increased platelet aggregation. In order to determine which concentration detects a higher level of platelet aggregation in patients with MS, the agonists ADP and epinephrine were compared. Methods: The study included 56 subjects with MS and 53 healthy subjects. Blood pressure, weight, body-mass index, and hip-to-waist ratio were collected from all subjects. Insulin, glucose, total serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, total triglycerides, markers of plasma atherogenicity, and indices of insulin resistance were measured in all participants. For aggregometry assays, the Born method was used. Platelets were treated with ADP and epinephrine in decreasing concentrations of 2.34, 1.17, and 0.58 µM, as well as, 11.0, 1.1, and 0.55 µM, respectively. ROC curves were plotted to define the diagnostic efficiency of epinephrine levels for MS. Results: Among healthy individuals and MS patients significant differences were observed in body weight, body-mass index, waist-circumference, levels of insulin, indices of insulin resistance, and levels of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total triglycerides. There was a significant difference in the detection of increased platelet aggregation using 11.0 μM and 0.55 μM epinephrine and 0.58 μM ADP. With both agonists, ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of >0.8 for 11.0 μM epinephrine and 2.34 μM ADP. However, for MS patients, 11.0 μM epinephrine had a slightly better diagnostic efficiency than 2.34 μM ADP. Conclusions: It was found that 11.0 μM epinephrine and 2.34 μM ADP detected better platelet aggregation in patients with MS than in healthy subject. Both concentrations detected increased platelet aggregation in patients with MS.
Sundaram Arulrhaj
Dr MGR Medical University Chennai, India
Title: Diabetes control positioning with healthcare IT
Biography:
Professor Dr Sundaram Arulrhaj is Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the Dr MGR Medical University Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. He is University First Rank holder and Gold Medalist. Dr Arulrhaj is the Chairperson of the Commonwealth Health Professions Alliance. Je has been Immediate Past President of the Commonwealth Medical Association, Past National President of India Medical Association, India & Dr. B.C. Roy National Awardee, and Highest Professional Award in India. His medical interests are in non-intensive cardiology and critical care and his public health interests are in pre- hospital trauma and emergency care, controlling the harmful use of alcohol, village health, Healthcare IT.
Abstract:
Under the current climate of ever increasing NCD to be tackled by the shortfall of Health work force will result in increased morbidity & mortality. The alternate solution is linking Health provider and user electronically through ehealth, mHealth and Telehealth or all the three modalities. Detection of Diabetes, counting accurate Country Epidemics ,Control of Diabetes ,Recognition of complications ,management of Emergencies etc are possible online without attending the chamber of Physician using Sensors and Internet. Research can well begin with Electronic Health Record. Isolated areas of hospital based connected Health are working in many Nations. They all must be linked Nationally through Government and meet the challenge of combating the “ 21st century Plague”, NCD Health Professional bodies like API must start sensitizing the Physician and Public on this welcome change. This will lead to creation of Indian data, affordable access to Health care, better control of the disease thereby the morbidity and mortality due to NCD will be reduced. Healthcare providers should actively select and adapt technological self-management methods to extend the reach of diabetes self-management to patient’s communities and homes, provide for individualized care, and provide just-in-time information. People living with diabetes who have limited access to care due to lack of transportation, physical restrictions, or other limitations could benefit from technological interventions that bring care to them. Additionally, with limited primary care resources, technology can provide cost-effective ongoing diabetes self-management education and support.